It can be prescribed by physicians who undergo training to obtain a special federal waiver and are then willing to do special record-keeping. Meanwhile, buprenorphine is a partial opioid antagonist, which makes it harder to abuse than methadone. “Additionally, even when access is available, non-white minorities utilize the services at half the rate of Caucasians due to the financial burden associated with overcoming multiple barriers,” they wrote. “This is detrimental to the patient as it can impede their success for treatment due to the higher chance of relapse with sub-optimal dosing of methadone. “Treatment is complicated for Medicaid patients due to the inconsistent funding or time-restrictions that are imposed by Medicaid,” the researchers wrote. Additionally, methadone clinics are highly regulated by government authorities and largely funded by Medicaid, they explained. Furthermore, patients must visit them daily, adding to the burden of treatment along with creating added stigma. Many of the clinics are still located in minority communities, where their locations and the people who use the clinics are visible to the public. Methadone was first used in clinical trials on inner-city minorities to treat heroin addiction, the authors wrote. They go on to explain the socio-economic differences between methadone and buprenorphine, the two most popular addiction treatments. “One of the most significant obstacles that minority groups face in opioid abuse treatment is limited access to qualified healthcare providers who can assist with pharmacological treatment opportunities and medication-assisted treatments (MATs).”
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“Although public and medical professional attitudes have shifted since the crack cocaine epidemic of the 1980s to a treatment-focused resolution, similar issues regarding care equity remain,” the study authors wrote. In a recent Cureus medical journal article, authors of “ Racial Bias in the US Opioid Epidemic: A Review of the History of Systemic Bias and Implications for Care” conducted a literature review of dozens of published studies and attempted to explain the discrepancies in access to treatment. Public health experts attribute these disparities to several factors, including bias within the medical system and overcriminalization of minority drug users. Kaiser Health News reported earlier this year that white drug users had “near-exclusive access to buprenorphine” - also known as Suboxone, an addiction treatment drug - during a period when black people were dying from overdoses at higher rates than white people.
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RELATED: How Race and Class Drive Factors of the Opioid Crisis & Legislation White people receiving better access to certain types of addiction treatment is a trend seen across the United States as well. The authors go on to point out that the state’s opioid action plan fails to mention the American Indian population, while addressing other special population groups, such as pregnant women. Meanwhile, the rate of overdose deaths among American Indians in North Carolina was 1.3 times higher than the overdose rate among the total state population from 2000 to 2016, according to a recent article in the North Carolina Medical Journal.Īuthors of the article in the NCMJ found that rates of hepatitis C infection among the American Indian population are also particularly high.
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Fewer than 1 percent of the beneficiaries were American Indians. Of those served by the grant, 9,085 (or 88 percent) were white, while 775 (or 7.5 percent) were African American. The state health department collected demographic data on 10,333 people who entered substance abuse treatment over the past two years through the 21st Century Cures Act State Targeted Response to the Opioid Crisis Grants. However, the majority of people benefiting from the grant treatment money are white. It affects people across the state from every race and socio-economic background. Opioid addiction is widespread in North Carolina, and an average of five people die per day from overdose. State officials announced last month that more than 12,000 people with substance use disorder entered addiction treatment since North Carolina received $54 million in federal grant funding to address the opioid crisis.